What is the Normal Function of Venous System?

The normal function of venous system is dependent on the patency of the veins (the degree which the veins are not blocked or obstructed), condition of the one-way valves, and the muscle pumps in the foot and calf (Eberhardt & Raffetto, 2014).

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?

• Valves in healthy veins move the blood in one direction and keep the blood pressure in the veins normal to prevent the blood from flowing backwards.
• In CVI, the diseased valves causes blood to move in both directions, increasing the blood pressure in the veins when walking.

What is Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU)?

VLU is generally present in individuals with CVI. It is a shallow open wound on the surface of your skin that is usually wet and weepy with heavy discharge. It can occur between your knee and ankle and takes a long time to heal.

VLU can be caused by skin infection, penetrating injury, rapid onset of leg swelling, burns, dry skin with itching/scratching, and insect bites (Kelechi et al., 2015).

What are the Risk Factors of VLU?

• Smoking
• Obesity
• Previous leg injuries
• Varicose (swollen) veins
• Prolonged standing
• Poor blood circulation that results in blood clots and swollen veins