Urinary Tract Infections
Overview
A urinary tract infection (UTI) refers to the infection of any part of your urinary system – kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. While most UTIs involve only the lower part of your urinary system – bladder and urethra, some UTIs may involve upper part of the urinary system – ureters and kidneys.
Causes
Who gets UTIs?
Anyone can get a UTI, although some people may be more prone than the others.
Some common risk factors are, but not limited to:
- Female gender
- Menopause
- Sexual activity
- Certain types of birth control
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppressed state
- Abnormal urinary anatomy
Signs & Symptoms
- Painful urination
- Increased urinary frequency, urgent need to urinate, and incontinence
- Blood in the urine
- Strong or foul-smelling urine
- Pain in the side (flank) or abdomen
- Fever
- Nausea/vomiting
- Pain during sex
- Mental changes or confusion
Prevention
UTIs are preventable with lifestyle changes.
These include:
- Practicing good hygiene: This is especially important for women. It is recommended that you wipe from front to back after urinating and after a bowel movement, in order to avoid bacteria in the anal region from spreading to the urethra.
- Drinking plenty of fluids: You may have heard that cranberry juice may be helpful in preventing UTIs. While the evidence is not conclusive, it is likely not harmful.
- Empty your bladder soon after intercourse
- Changing your birth control method: diaphragms or spermicide-treated condoms can contribute to bacterial growth.
Detection & Treatment
- Diagnosis can be made with typical history as well as urine tests including urinalysis and urine culture. Ultrasound and CT scan may be ordered if upper UTIs are suspected.
- Antibiotics are typically used to treat UTI.
Specialties & Services
