Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Overview

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach acid or contents flow upwards back to your oesophagus (also known as food pipe).

GERD occurs when the muscles around the lower part of your oesophagus loosen occasionally, allowing stomach contents and acid to flow upwards. The acid reflux may irritate the lining of your oesophagus, causing it to become inflamed.

Most people can manage the discomfort of GERD with lifestyle modifications and antacids.

Causes

Risk Factors

Obesity
Pregnancy
Smoking
Eating large meals or eating late at night
Eating fatty or fried food
Drinking beverages such as alcohol, coffee

Signs & Symptoms

Common Occurring

Heartburn
Sour taste in mouth
Regurgitation of food

Less Common

Chest pain
Difficulty in swallowing
Sore throat
Raspy (hoarse) voice
Cough

Detection & Treatment

Diagnosis

Short course of acid suppression treatment using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid production. PPI is a strong medication that blocks acid production
24-hour pH monitoring of the oesophagus to confirm the occurrence of acid reflux
Gastroscopy (Upper Endoscopy) to examine the inside of your oesophagus and stomach

Care Management

Suggested Lifestyle Modifications

Lose weight if you are overweight
Avoid foods like coffee, chocolate, alcohol, peppermint, and fatty foods as they may worsen your symptoms
Stop Smoking
Avoid late meals. Lying down with a full stomach can make reflux worse. Have your meals at least two to three hours before bedtime

Additional Resources

TTSH_GERD_chi.pdf TTSH_GERD_eng.pdf

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