MBBS (Andhra U, India) 1956, FRCSEd (Gen Surg) (RCS, Edinburgh, United Kingdom) 1962, FAMS (Gen Surg) (Academy of Medicine, Singapore) 1968, FRCS (Gen Surg) (RCS, England, United Kingdom) 1971, FRACS (Gen Surg) (RACS, Australia) 1978, FRACP (RACP, Australia) 1992