Overview

• Scrotal masses are growths in the scrotum. The scrotum contains the testes and associated male reproductive structures.
• Scrotal masses should be examined by a doctor, regardless of whether symptoms are present.
• They may be cancerous or caused by other conditions affecting testicular function and health.
• Sudden scrotal pain warrants early medical attention as it could be testicular torsion.

Signs and symptoms include:

• Sudden scrotal pain
• Dull aching pain that radiates throughout the groin
• Swelling of the scrotum
• Nausea and vomiting
• An unusual lump in the scrotum

Possible causes of scrotal masses include:

• Testicular cancer: a malignant tumour containing abnormal tissue
• Hydrocoele: collection of excess fluid between the layers of the testis
• Haematocoele: collection of blood between the layers of the testes, commonly due to trauma
• Varicocele: a collection of prominent veins within the scrotum, more common on the left side, which may cause intermittent discomfort or a heavy dragging sensation

Causes of testicular pain may include:

• Testicular torsion: occurs when the blood vessels supplying the testicles get twisted; this is a medical emergency and can result in loss of the testis if not promptly treated
• Epididymo-orchitis: inflammation of the epididymis and/or the testis

When to seek medical attention

• Seek emergency medical attention if you develop sudden scrotal pain.
• See your doctor if you detect an unusual lump in your scrotum.