What is it?

Insufficient production or increased evaporation of tears can cause dry eyes. Severe dry eyes may cause damage to the cornea and bring about visual impairment.

What are the risk factors?

The risk factors of dry eyes are ageing, inflammation of the eyelid margin, the presence of autoimmune diseases, and environmental factors such as air conditioning. Prolonged periods of reading or computer usage may also cause dry eyes.

What are the symptoms?

Dry eyes can cause redness, tearing, foreign body sensation, grittiness or irritation of the eyes. You may also experience a temporary blurring of vision.

What are the treatments for dry eyes?

In most cases, dry eyes are easily treatable.

• Artificial tears eye drops and ointments Artificial tears may be used to lubricate the eye throughout the day. Ointments may temporarily blur your vision and are recommended for use at night.
• Environmental modifications Simple measures such as re-directing the air-conditioner or fan or avoiding windy and dry areas may be helpful.
• Punctal Plugs Moderate to severe dry eyes may require blocking the tear (lacrimal) drainage system with synthetic (reversible) plugs to reduce tear loss.
• Eye Medication Cyclosporine eye drop is an immune suppressive drug found to decrease inflammation in dry eyes. Steroid eye drop has a similar effect but cannot be used long term due to its side effects.
• Nutritional supplements Some fatty acids such as omega-3 fatty acid may have a role in reducing the inflammation associated with dry eyes. These compounds may be taken as nutritional supplements or from foods like flaxseed and salmon.

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